Literacy, the fifth Cultural Advance, represents the proliferation of writing and reading throughout the middle castes of a Civilization. <l:7,4>Monarchies<e> and <l:7,6>Imperiums<e> gain access to fearless <l:1,79>Samurai<e>, avid students of the art of war, while greater availability of the written word and the people who can use it leads to groundbreaking developments in <l:1,40>diplomacy and intelligence gathering<e>.